Python has a significant number of newer and less frequently-used web frameworks that are still worth your time to investigate. The list on this page does not include the following web frameworks that have their own dedicated pages:
web.py is a Python web framework designed for simplicity in building web applications.
Web2py is a batteries-included philosophy framework with project structure based on model-view-controller patterns.
CherryPy is billed as a minimalist web framework, from the perspective of the amount of code needed to write a web application using the framework. The project has a long history and made a major transition between the second and third release.
Muffin is a web framework built on top of the asyncio module in the Python 3.4+ standard library. Muffin takes inspiration from Flask with URL routes defined as decorators upon view functions. The Peewee ORM is used instead of the more common SQLAlchemy ORM.
Ray is a framework for building RESTful APIs, similar to Falcon. The introductory post provides some initial code to get started with creating endpoints, adding authentication and protecting against malicious clients.
Vibora is an asynchronous model framework similar to Sanic that was inspired by Flask's syntax. However, the framework's author rewrote many parts like the template engine to maximize performance.
Pecan is inspired by CherryPy and TurboGears. It purely focuses on HTTP requests and responses via Python objects and does not integrate session handling or database access.
Masonite is a modern, developer centric, batteries-included Python web framework. It uses the MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture pattern and comes with a lot of functionality out of the box with an extremely extendable architecture.
Check out the following resources to lean more:
This roundup of 14 minimal Python frameworks contains both familiar and less known Python libraries.
The web micro-framework battle presentation goes over Bottle, Flask, and many other lesser known Python web frameworks.
A Python newcomer asked the Python Subreddit to explain the differences between numerous Python web frameworks and received some interesting responses from other users.
Read through the web frameworks listed above and check out their project websites.
It's useful to know what other web frameworks exist besides Django and Flask. However, when you're just starting to learn to program there are significantly more tutorials and resources for Django and Flask on the web. My recommendation is to start with one of those two frameworks then expand your knowledge from there.